近日，沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)梁成華教授等幾位學(xué)者在生態(tài)學(xué)期刊《Water》上發(fā)表了題為“Atmospheric and Surface-Condition Effects on CO₂ Exchange in the Liaohe Delta Wetland, China”的論文。該論文采用渦度協(xié)方差【1】的方法，研究了遼河三角洲蘆葦濕地CO2的通量。下面是中英文摘要。
 
摘要
在2012到2015年間，采用渦度協(xié)方差方法，研究了遼河三角洲蘆葦濕地的CO₂通量。同時(shí)，分析了當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境因子—包括氣象、植被、水文和土壤的變化。結(jié)果表明，在這四年間，該地區(qū)的CO₂濃度變化趨勢(shì)和全球變化整體趨勢(shì)保持基本一致。該地區(qū)平均每年的CO₂累積量是2.037kg·CO₂·m^-2，變化范圍在1.472 到2.297kg·CO₂·m^-2之間。
 
該生態(tài)系統(tǒng)CO₂通量的季節(jié)特征如下。一般在每年的6月和7月，是CO₂在一年中的強(qiáng)吸收期；而每年4月以及9月到10月是一年中的強(qiáng)排放期。在整個(gè)觀測(cè)期內(nèi)，2015年7月是CO₂排放量最強(qiáng)的月份。
 
從2013到2015年間，該生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的平均溫度，高于50年來(lái)的平均水平，主要是因?yàn)槎練鉁仄?；平均降水量低?0年來(lái)的均值，主要是由于夏季降水的減少；在平均風(fēng)速方面，低于50年來(lái)的均值；且日照時(shí)數(shù)逐年遞減。
 
CO₂通量和環(huán)境因子在一定程度上存在相關(guān)性。使用偏最小二乘法分析了氣象、植被、水文和土壤對(duì)CO₂通量的貢獻(xiàn)率。水分和土壤溫度對(duì)CO₂通量的變異影響顯著。采用顯著貢獻(xiàn)因子，建立了CO₂收支的回歸方程。這些因子包括溫度、降水、相對(duì)濕度、水位、鹽分和生物量，該模型擬合可解釋CO₂通量的70%。
 
關(guān)鍵詞：濕地；CO₂通量；環(huán)境因子；特征；貢獻(xiàn)；預(yù)測(cè)
 
Abstract
The eddy covariance method was used to study the CO₂ budget of the Liaohe Delta reed wetland in northern China during 2012–2015. The changes in environmental factors (including meteorology, vegetation, hydrology, and soil) were analyzed simultaneously. The change in the trend of the CO₂ concentration in the reed wetland was similar to global changes over the four years. The average annual CO₂ accumulation was 2.037 kg·CO₂·m^-2, ranging from 1.472 to 2.297 kg·CO₂·m^-2. The seasonal characteristics of the CO₂ exchange included high CO₂ absorption in June and July, and high emissions in April and from September to October, with the highest emissions in July 2015. The average temperatures from 2013 to 2015 were higher than the 50-year average, largely due to increased temperatures in winter. Precipitation was below the 50-year average, mainly because of low precipitation in summer. The average wind speed was less than the 50-year average, and sunshine duration decreased each year. The CO₂ exchange and environmental factors had a degree of correlation or consistency. The contribution of meteorology, vegetation, hydrology, and soil to the CO₂ budget was analyzed using the partial least squares method. Water and soil temperature had a greater effect on the CO₂ exchange variability. The regression equation of the CO₂ budget was calculated using the significant contributing factors, including temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, water-table level, salinity, and biomass. The model fit explained more than 70% of the CO₂ exchange, and the simulation results were robust.
 
Keywords: wetland; CO₂ exchange; environmental factors; characteristics; attribute; prediction
 
源/Jia, Q.; Yu, W.; Zhou, L.; Liang, C.Atmospheric and Surface-Condition Effects on CO₂ Exchange in the Liaohe Delta Wetland, China. Water 2017, 9, 806.
 
延伸閱讀
 
【1】渦度協(xié)方差是一種原位、直接測(cè)定生態(tài)系統(tǒng)與大氣間物質(zhì)與能量通量的方法。其中，以美國(guó)LI-COR公司提供的系統(tǒng)解決方案最為高效、穩(wěn)定、完整。

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